Timeline

Some of you suggested that it would be helpful if I posted a timeline so here it is:

1760 Articles of Capitulation

1763 Treaty of Paris

1763 Royal Proclamation

1774 Quebec Act

1776 American Revolution Begins

1783 American Revolution Ends/Loyalists begin to arrive in Quebec

1791 Constitutional Act

1837-38 Rebellions in Lower Canada

1840 Act of Union

1848 Responsible Government

Constitutional Act 1791

In order to accommodate the American Loyalists, Great Britain replaced the Quebec Act with the Constitutional Act.

1.Divided the colony of The Province of Quebec into two new provinces: Lower Canada and Upper Canada

2.Created a new structure of government for each province.

-It included, for the first time in Canada's history, a legislative assembly. The members of which were elected by the people. The result was representative, but not responsible government since the governor-general could veto or refuse bills passed by the elected legislative assembly.

3.Maintained French civil laws in Lower Canada;

-However both provinces were governed by the English criminal code.

4. The Act also guaranteed the French people their rights to the Roman Catholic Church.

Quebec Act to the Constitutional Act (Older Notes)

What was the Quebec Act of 1774?

The purpose of the Quebec Act was to appease and make peace with the French Canadians so they would not join the Americans in their revolt against Britain.

1) Government:

- Quebec was still to be governed by an appointed governor and council
-An elective legislative assembly was again denied
-The Test Act was changed: Catholics could now hold government office by taking a special oath of allegiance to the king
-Roman Catholics could now be appointed to the council
-Seigneurs had a chance to take part in government

2) Religion

-Catholics were to have full freedom of worship and the right to collect tithes by the Catholic Church was restored

3) Legal System

-It allowed from French civil law and English criminal law

4) Territory

-Quebec’s territory was enlarged to include the Ohio Valley. This was a major change from 1763

5) Seigneurial System

-It kept the seigneurial system but also allowed for freehold tenure which was the British form of landholding

What were the reactions to the Quebec Act?

1) In Quebec:

-The French elite (seigneurs and clergy) were pleased because the seigneurs were allowed to keep their seigneurial system and allowed to sit on the appointed council

-The Catholic Church pleased because they could again collect tithes and their freedom to worship was guaranteed

-The British Merchants disliked French civil laws and the British refusal to establish an elected legislative assembly

2) 13 Colonies

-The Americans were angry because the Quebec Act stopped their westward expansion and allowed French Roman Catholic institutions in Quebec

What Consequences did the American Revolution have on the British colony of Quebec?

-In 1783, the Treaty of Versailles recognized the independence of the United States of America (formerly the 13 colonies)

-The American Revolution and its subsequent independence had a tremendous impact on the province of Quebec

Consequences for the Province of Quebec

-It demonstrated that the policies established by Governor Carleton in 1774 were not exactly successful

-When the Americans invaded Quebec in late 1775, the habitants remained neutral despite urgings from church leaders to fight with the British against the American invaders

-The Ohio Valley became part of the United States of America

-Forced fur traders from Montreal to shift to the area northwest of Lake Superior. In 1783, Montreal’s fur traders founded the North West Company to compete with the Hudson’s Bay Company

-Thousands of Loyalists (Americans who had remained loyal to the British crown during the American Revolution), including many blacks, came to British North America

Following the war they faced rough treatment from the American revolutionaries

1. Loyalists were tarred, feathered and hung
2. Many of their houses were burned
3. About 6000 Loyalists settled in Quebec’s increasing English population
4. Their arrival leads to the eventual passing of the Constitutional Act in 1791. This act divides the province of Quebec into two territories: Lower and Upper Canada
5. Grants each province an elected legislative assembly
   
   Effects of the Loyalists Settling in British North America
   
   1) Quebec was no longer entirely French
   a. There was a sudden increase in the English population
   2) The Loyalists were a protestant minority and they brought a different culture with them
   3) When they settled the land, they used the freehold (or township) system to divide it up. This system consisted of large squares or rectangles rather than the thin slivers of land used in the seigneurial system
   4) The Loyalists were used to British civil laws and having a legislative assembly to which they elected representatives (contradicts Quebec Act)

Review Games

Hi Everyone!!

Due to high demand, I have planned one full class for each of your for us to play review games. These classes will take place next week (the week of your BIG exam) so that the information is fresh in your mind. This week, if we finish class early, we will have a chance to play some shorter games. You will keep the same teams for the next two weeks and the winning team will win a prize (probably chocolate, LOL!).

Websites for History Project

The Boroughs: http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=66,48068&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Pointe St Charles: http://www.quebecheritageweb.com/trail/trail_details.aspx?&trailId=33

Pointe Claire: http://www.ville.pointe-claire.qc.ca/En/visitor/ABrief/ABrief.asp

Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue: http://www.ville.sainte-anne-de-bellevue.qc.ca/en/default.asp?contentID=520

Ville Marie: http://www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/histoire/eng/v_mara.htm

Verdun: http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/QuebecHistory/encyclopedia/Verdun-QuebecHistory.htm

History of St Leonard: http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=73,3791408&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

Saint Laurent: http://saintlaurent.ville.montreal.qc.ca/En/Intro/HistVSL/histvsl.asp

Outremont: http://imtl.org/montreal/borough/Outremont.php

Hochelaga-Maisonneuve: http://www.montreal-travelguide.com/hochelaga-maisonneuve/ville_Montreal-(Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve)_5217.php

Plateau Mont-Royal: http://imtl.org/montreal/borough/Plateau-Mont-Royal.php
(look on the left sidebar of this website to find more boroughs)

Language Percentages: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_demographics_of_Quebec OR http://montreal.citystar.com/mall/montreal_facts.html

Language Percentages for each Borough: http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang=E

These websites should get you started on your project. If you have any trouble, please contact me through email or see me in class at recess/lunch.

Practice Questions for the March Exam!!

The following website has practice questions and summaries that you can use to practice for your March Exam. Many of the questions on this website have appeared on past exams in some shape or form ****HINT HINT HINT****

http://fc.lbpsb.qc.ca/~history/

Act of Union 1840

1. Eliminate Upper and Lower Canada and create ONE unified Canada. One Governor, one Executive Council, one Legislative Council, and one assembly


2. Have EQUAL number of representatives in the assembly


3. Continue to assimilate the French population


4. Apply RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT

In 1840, all was accepted by the British EXCEPT Responsible Government.

With the 1840 Act of Union, what will United Canada's Constitution look like?

1. Governor General: No veto power
2. Executive Council: Still appointed
3. Legislative Council: was supposed to be elected by the people to achieve Responsible Government, but this was REJECTED in 1840. The governor still appointed the Legislative Council.
4. Assembly: 42 members from Canada WEST (formerly Upper Canada and present day Ontario), 42 members from Canada EAST (formerly Lower Canada and present day Quebec).

Is this assembly Representative Governement? Close enough. Population of Canada East was 600 000 people, and Canada West had 400 000 people. Still more French than English.

Is this a Responsible Government? NO!!!!! In 1840, the new Unified Government of Canda rejected the idea of the population voting for members of the Legislative Council (the law makers).

According to the British of Canada, there were no French Canadians who could be elected because they had not shown any British Allegiance.

When does United Canada achieve Responsible Government?

1848 Responsible Government

Responsible Government: when any given population can elect or vote members of government into power. In other words, DEMOCRACY.

Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine becomes the 1st French Canadaian to be elected by the people to be part of the Legislative Assembly in 1848.

Therefore, all is finally going well in Canada, especially between the English and the French...NOT!!! Wait for the next unit to see what happens!!!

Lord Durham

Durham Report 1839-40

Q: Who was Lord Durham?

A: British official sent by The Crown (King of England) to Lower Canada to investigate the problems happening there. His job was to figure out how to support the British, yet help the French as well.

1. Keep the British in power
   
2. Prevent another rebellion from the French

Lord Durham's solution? The 1840 Act of Union

Canada-A People's History: The Quebec Act

What was the response to the 92 Resolutions?

10 Resolutions

Lower Canada Governor James Russell rejected the 92 Resolutions and retaliated with his own list of demands about the French, essenially blaming the French for their own misfortunes.

The 10 Resolutions would be the final insult and convince Papineau that WAR would be the only way to win French rights.


The Rebellions of 1837-38

Papineau and his army known as "les fils de la Liberte" will battle the English army in Lower Canada.

3 main battles of the 1837-38 Rebellion:

1. Battle of St Denis and Chateaugay (French victory)


2. The Battle of St Charles (draw)


3. The Battle of St Eustache (English vicotry and the end of the Rebellion)

Why did the Patriotes lose the Rebellion of 1837-38?

1. They never received the man power help form the USA


2. Catholic Church opposed the Rebellion


3. Reformers like Lafontaine discouraged involvement in the Rebellion


4. British military was well armed with weapons and men. Re-enforcement from Britain was a priority.

SO WHAT NOW???

The defeat of the French after the Rebellions left Upper and Lower Canada with the same problems it had priot to the Rebellions:

1. The French still had little say in government


2. The English still had the power and the money

HOW CAN THIS BE RESOLVED?

Steps to the Rebellion of 1837-38

English (Chateau Clique/elite)

What did they want:

Patronage

• Control over undeveloped land


• control over all business


• competition with French over farming

French (Parti Partriote)

What did they want:

• more power for the Assembly


• control over government budget


• taxes on trade and less on land


• limit immigration (farms overpopulated)


• represenation by population (majority rules)


• responsible government (have the people vote for their leaders in the executive and/pr legislative councils

-English will hire French children to work on the TIMBER trade and CANAL building
-French upset because the jobs are dangerous and the pay is very little
-English establish compaines such as: Molson (beer), Ogilvy (clothes), Five Rose (flour), Redpath (sugar)

Montreal Massacre (1832)

British soldier during a demonstration against the baised Assembly and Lower Canada Government kill 3 French Canadien assembly representatives. Papineau visits the USA to negotiate terms for weapons and military support if the French go to war with the English

92 Resolutions

Parti Patriote leader and Assembly representative Louis Joseph Papineau constructs a list of changes that the French feel the Lower Canada Government must act upon to help the terrible situation for the French in Lower Canada.

Top 3 demands of the 92 Resolutions:

1. Responsible Government (people can elect the members of the Legislative Council, those who make the laws and taxes)


2. Representation by Population (majority of Representatives in the Assembly has the greater influence over government


3. control over the budget (have tax money go to the people who need it)